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Understanding Angioedema
Angioedema is a condition characterized by rapid swelling of the deeper layers of the skin, often around the eyes and lips, and sometimes the throat. This condition is usually caused by an allergic reaction, but it can also be triggered by certain medications, making it important to understand the potential risks. Angioedema may be hereditary or acquired, with acquired cases often being linked to medications.
Common Medications That Cause Angioedema
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: These drugs, often prescribed for hypertension, are known to cause angioedema as a side effect due to their mechanism of action related to bradykinin. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Medications like ibuprofen and naproxen can lead to allergic reactions that result in angioedema. Antibiotics: Certain antibiotics, particularly penicillins and sulfonamides, have been associated with angioedema in sensitive individuals. Chemotherapy drugs: Medications such as Libtayo (cemiplimab) can also induce angioedema as a side effect.
Specific Focus on Rexulti, Xeljanz, and Libtayo
Rexulti (brexpiprazole): This antipsychotic medication has been reported to cause angioedema in rare cases, often manifesting shortly after initiation or dose adjustment. Xeljanz (tofacitinib): As a Janus kinase inhibitor used for autoimmune conditions, Xeljanz may trigger angioedema, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Libtayo: This medication is used for treating certain skin cancers and may lead to angioedema due to immune system reactions or other mechanisms.
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Angioedema
Symptoms of angioedema may include swelling of the face, extremities, gastrointestinal tract, and upper airways, which can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history review, physical examination, and sometimes allergy testing or blood tests to identify the triggering medication.
Treatment Options for Angioedema
Immediate treatment of angioedema usually involves the use of antihistamines and corticosteroids to reduce swelling and manage symptoms. In severe cases, especially those affecting the throat, epinephrine may be required to prevent asphyxiation. For patients with recurring angioedema linked to specific medications, discontinuation is essential and possibly transitioning to alternative treatments that do not carry the same risk.
Conclusion
Understanding the medications that can cause angioedema is vital for healthcare providers and patients alike. Prompt recognition of symptoms and effective management strategies can significantly improve patient outcomes. It is critical for those prescribed medications like Rexulti, Xeljanz, and Libtayo to be aware of potential side effects and to report any concerning symptoms immediately.