What is the mechanism of action of Orserdu in breast cancer?

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Introduction to Orserdu

Orserdu, also known as elacestrant, is a selective estrogen receptor downregulator (SERD) that is used in the treatment of ER-positive breast cancer. In recent years, it has garnered attention as a groundbreaking therapy that offers an alternative to traditional treatments, particularly in cases of resistance to endocrine therapy.

Mechanism of Action of Orserdu

The primary mechanism of action of Orserdu is its ability to bind to estrogen receptors (ER) in breast tissue. This interaction leads to a conformational change in the receptor, resulting in decreased receptor activity. Unlike other estrogen receptor antagonists, Orserdu not only blocks estrogen from binding to the receptor but also promotes the degradation of the receptor itself through a process called ubiquitination. This dual mechanism reduces cellular proliferation and induces apoptosis in estrogen-dependent cancer cells, making it effective even in cases where tumors have become resistant to other forms of endocrine therapy.

Clinical Efficacy

Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of Orserdu in patients with ER-positive breast cancer, particularly in those who have progressed after endocrine therapy. In pivotal studies, Orserdu has shown improved progression-free survival rates compared to standard therapies. Furthermore, the profile of side effects associated with Orserdu appears to be manageable, making it a promising option for patients with limited treatment options.

Indications for Use

Orserdu is indicated for use in adult patients with ER-positive breast cancer that has metastasized or recurred after prior treatment. It is particularly recommended for patients who have shown resistance to aromatase inhibitors or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). The decision to use Orserdu should be made in conjunction with a healthcare professional, considering the individual patient's treatment history and overall health.

Safety and Side Effects

While Orserdu is generally well-tolerated, some common side effects include fatigue, hot flashes, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Serious adverse events, though rare, can include liver toxicity, which necessitates regular monitoring of liver function during treatment. Patients are encouraged to discuss potential side effects with their healthcare provider before starting therapy to ensure a thorough understanding of the treatment plan.

Conclusion

Orserdu represents a significant advancement in the management of ER-positive breast cancer, particularly for those patients facing therapeutic resistance. Its unique mechanism of action, combined with demonstrated clinical efficacy, positions it as a vital tool in the oncologist's arsenal. As research continues to evolve, further exploration of Orserdu's role in treatment protocols may increase its impact on patient outcomes.